What is a flat foot ?
The most obvious deformity with a flat foot occurs on
the inner side of the foot and arch. However this side of the foot does
not exist in isolation and if the arch on the inner side flattens this may
result in the following:
A flat medial
arch
Flat feet is a condition in which the arch of
the foot drops down. The condition is sometimes
referred to as fallen arches. Flat feet may not be a problem in itself,
but it can lead to pain and other ailments throughout the body. Although there is no real cure for flat feet,
there are a few treatments available.
Insoles are very common in the treatment of flat feet. There are a number of
different insolesavailable, or they can be custom made.
Insoles are designed to protect and support the arch of the foot.
The supports can relieve the pain that affects many people with flat feet.
Flat feet may cause many types of pain to appear
throughout the body, most commonly in the legs, hips and ankles. There are
medicines that can relieve the pain, including anti-inflammatory drugs and
steroids. These medicines cannot treat the underlying cause of flatfeet
and are not a satisfactory long-term solution.
Many doctors recommend therapy to strengthen the damaged ligaments or tendons that may have caused the
condition. Therapy treatments can include prolotherapy, which is designed tonaturally strengthen
the damaged tendons over a period of time. The use of inflammatory healing
stimulates the body into repairing itself. This type of therapy is thought to
be apermanent solution to flat feet.
Knock knees
Knock knees is a condition in
which the knees touch, but the ankles do not touch. The legs turn inward.
Causes
Infants start out with bowlegs
because of their folded position while in their mother's womb. The legs begin
to straighten once the child starts to walk (at about 12 to 18 months). By age
3, the child becomes knock-kneed. When the child stands, the knees touch but
the ankles are apart.
By puberty, the legs straighten
out and most children can stand with the knees and ankles touching (without
forcing the position).
Knock knees can also develop as
a result of a medical problem or disease, such as:
- Injury
of the shinbone (only one leg will be knock-kneed)
- Osteomyelitis
(bone infection)
- Overweight
or obesity
- Rickets
(a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D)
Exams and Tests
A doctor or nurse will examine
your child. If there are signs that knock knees are not a part
of normal development, tests will be done.
Treatment
Knock knees are usually not
treated.
If the problem continues after
age 7, the child may use a night brace. This brace is attached to a shoe.
Surgery may be considered for
knock knees that are severe and continue beyond late childhood.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Children normally outgrow knock
knees without treatment, unless it is caused by a disease.
If surgery is needed, the
results are usually good.
Possible Complications
- Difficulty
walking (very rare)
- Self-esteem
changes related to cosmetic appearance of knock knees
- If
left untreated, knock knees can lead to early arthritis of the knee
When to Contact a Medical
Professional
Call your health care provider
for an appointment if you think your child has knock knees.
Prevention
There is no known prevention
for normal knock knees.
Alternative Names
Genu valgum
What are knock knees?
Knock knees are
deformities at the knee, in which knees of a standing person touches each
others but not the ankles. In other words, in a normal standing position, a
person with knock knees has gap between ankles but not between knees.
Do I have knock knees problem?
Most of the candidates are
not aware about the procedure by which a medical officer check knock knees, so
they just keep worrying by checking themselves in different ways. The correct
way is to stand simply and keep very little gap(3 inches) between your ankles,
check whether your knees are touching or no, even if it is touching a little,
it is just normal. Real knock knees problem won't let your
ankles touch each other. Check the below picture for more clarity on
this.
Treatment and Exercise for Knock Knees
Knock
knees problems basically starts from childhood and gets cured by its own as we
start growing, but some of us do not get the proper development of
bones which leads to knock-knees. This problem won't let us to walk or run
freely, which makes it a reason to be unfit for Indian armed forces. Candidates
with little knock knees can start exercising and yoga to cure this problem, few
of the exercise and treatments for knock knees are:
o Take
vitamin D and calcium supplements, vitamin C supplements.
o Virasana,
or hero pose, is effective in treating flat feet and knock knees.
o Keep a
block between thighs and try to move your legs as close as you can,
hold it for 3 mins, keep repeating.
o In a
standing position, bring the legs 4 feet apart and stretch the arms out to the
side. Turn the right toes to the right and deeply bend the right knee. Activate
the arches and keep the right knee touching the wall. Hold for 30 seconds and
repeat on the other side.
Do not
misunderstand this problem, hope this articles clears most of
your doubts you are suggested to consult a physician for
proper care and treatment, this post is just for basic information on
knock knees.
Airforce Medical checkup at AFCME
People clearing AFSB (Airforce Selection Board) are next send to AFCME
i.e. Airforce Central Medical Establishment, New Delhi for a detailed medical
checkup to certify
that they are medically fit to discharge their duties in Indian Air Force. All
different categories of candidate for IAF ie Flying Branch, Technical Entry and
Ground Duty have the complete checkup at this venue. Apart from this this
establishment is also the place where DGCA (Directorate General of Civil
Aviation) send civilian pilots to have their medical fitness certificate issued
or renewed.
AFCME is situated in the beautiful and very neatly maintained Western
AirCommand(WAC), Subroto Park which is located near to Dhaula Kuan.
Except for Dental checkup , all
other test, diagnostics and measurments are done in AFCME itself. For this its
has several departments like Pathology(with the lab facilities), ENT,
Radiology, Eyes, Ultrasound, Anthropology, Cardiac etc.
For the Airforce candidates the process is usually 4 day long. On our first
day of
arrival the business of the day started at 8:00 am with us filling a couple of
forms and other necessary formalities. As usual these form
filling take a
lot of time and it was almost 11am by the time we were done.
Now the funny thing was
that we were specifically told to come empty stomach for the tests otherwise it
will take a day more. So there we were all fasting on empty stomach. and it
turns out that now a days at AFCME there are no blood
test done on
first day so no need of the fasting(which b.t.w. sort of triggered a sinus
pain in my
eye, that too during the medical. what an irony !!!).
After the formalities we were send for the dental checkup which is done at a separate premise. In the
dental clinic there
were quite a few patients waiting for the doctors, so it took us around 3 hour
time for the dental checkup to be done. Dental is usually straight forward
affair and unless you have a decaying stuff up your jaws , its a clear affair.
Though it is advised that you get teeth scaling done and take care of the
decays or caries. In our group two guys were send to see doctor to get their
nicotine marks removed.Since it became quite late so this was the only thing that
was done on the first day.
I found that in almost all department and all the doctors were hard
pressed with
the load of the candidates, the civilian pilots and the patients. Its really a
tough job for them to keep on doing their job without any mistakes or
omissions.
Our lodging was in the Officers Mess and it was so tiring and hot
day after
getting the meal at 3 pm that for next three hours we slept deeply in the cozy
dorms.
The next day again we reported at 7:30 am empty stomach and then our Chest measurement
and Height and Weight measurements
were taken. There is a height-weight-age chart for the candidates and its is
strongly advised to get your tummy measure up to the numbers, Though the
authorities give a lot of relaxation on these count. After this we were send to
the pathology
lab for
Blood and Urine Tests. Next on card was the Ultrasound test in which abdomen,
liver etc were checked if these parts were normal and to check there are no
abnormal things like kidney stones and
abnormal size of internal organs. Next we had Radiology in which around 5-6
X-Rays were taken of chest, Spine, Skull etc. Some of the people who had a
large angle in the bones of the elbow had elbow X-ray done to determine that
angle.After this we quickly had a couple of test one after another like ECG,
Anthropological measurement(sitting height, leg length, thigh length and ENT.
For Ear they check for ear wax after that they apply a varying pressure to the
ear and the machine generate a plot, it seemed like this test checks how the ear drum behaves in changing
pressure. Then the Audio-metric test was done in which there is a headphone
through which a few very faint beeps of different frequencies are emitted first
in the left ear then in the right, on hearing each beep you have to press the
button.The rest of the test of nose is basically one in which the doctor
inserts a thong in your nose to check for DNS.
The last thing of the day was a basic test of the eyes in which we were to read
a chart about 6mtrs away, a book of color blindness. After this we wore a setup
with possibly a polarized lens and a light source was shined which caused a
vertical line and a dot to appear.
The next day started with the detail checkup of eyes.Again this time the
Medical Officer one by one made us read the Alphabet chart and the color
blindness book.Next our eyes were dilated and something was checked by the
doctor.
The results of ECG had come and in some cases there were doubts so two extra
test 2D Color Doppler ECG and TMT or stress test was performed. In TMT I had to
run for 15 minutes on a treadmill while the ECG machine was taking the reading
continuously. The 2D Color Doppler ECG was similar to Ultrasound but only it was being done for Heart. Last
but not the least we had surgical checkup in which different things like
piles,hernia, flat foot , knocked knees etc are checked. Well this test
requires you to divest of your clothes, it would seem funny , but actually this
all feeling vanishes as soon as you are being checked.
So since we were a bit late our conference was scheduled for the next day. All
the files of the candidates were compiled, completed and all the test results
were included in the dossier.At last when all the files were completed , we
were sent to the President of AFCME, who called us one by one and declared the
results which was either you are medically fit to fly or whatever problem was
found it was told.
In our group some of the problem which caused them to be declared TR(temporary
unfit) were fracture in spine, anemia, too much angle in elbow, eyes sight
problem. Since in every case of TR you are given an opportunity to appear
before an Appeal Board. In this case you have to submit application for Appeal
to Air HQ and then in a week or so you get the date to appear for the Appeal
Board in Army R& R Hospital.
So once I was done with the Medical Board, now all is done for joining AFA.
Dental Check Up
A metal
instrument called an explorer is used to check the surfaces of your teeth for
cavities, or irregular margins around fillings you already have, etc. Then they
might do a periodontal exam. This is when the pockets around your teeth are
measured with a very thin, blunt end tool. This doesn't hurt, it just measures
the area that is not attached to your tooth, the area that you clean when you
are flossing. (Hopefully!)
The cleaning part or "prophy" is when
they remove any tartar or calculus on your teeth with instruments called
scalers. This generally takes up the majority of the appointment. Then the
polishing! A gritty toothpaste is used with a special "electric
toothbrush-like" device to remove any leftover stain or plaque. It leaves
your teeth so nice and smooth! I like to floss my patients after this part to
get out the gritty toothpaste that gets stuck in between their teeth.
Normal Dental Points are 28, if all the teeth are
in position ( ie 28 teeth should be present- 4
wisdom teeth comes only after 18 years)
If tooth/ teeth are missing get them fixed. They
are called Dentures. There are different types. Ask the dentist
Fill the cavity
If required the dentist will put a Cap or Crown
on it.
What is color blindness?
Color blindness means that you
have trouble seeing red, green, or blue or a mix of these colors. It’s rare
that a person sees no color at all.
Color blindness is also called a
color vision problem.
A color vision problem can change
your life. It makes it harder to learn and read, and you may not be able to
have certain careers. But children and adults with color vision problems can
learn to make up for their problems seeing color.
What
causes color blindness?
Most color vision problems are
inherited (genetic) and are present at birth.
People usually have three types
of cone cells in the eye. Each type senses either red, green, or blue light.
You see color when your cone cells sense different amounts of these three basic
colors. Most cone cells are found in the macula,
which is the central part of the retina.
Inherited color blindness happens
when you don't have one of these types of cone cells or they don't work right.
You may not see one of these three basic colors, or you may see a different
shade of that color or a different color. This type of color vision problem
doesn't change over time.
A color vision problem isn't
always inherited. In some cases, a person can have an acquired color vision
problem. This can be caused by:
·
Aging.
·
Injury to the eye.
·
Side effects of some medicines.
What
are the symptoms?
The symptoms of color vision
problems vary:
·
You may be able to see some colors but not others. For instance,
you may not be able to tell the difference between red and green but can see
blue and yellow.
·
You may see many colors, so you may not know that you see color
differently from others.
·
You may only be able to see a few shades of color, while most
people can see thousands of colors.
·
In rare cases, you may see only black, white, and gray.
How is
color blindness diagnosed?
Tests measure how well you
recognize different colors.
·
In one type of test, you look at sets of colored dots and try to find a pattern in
them, such as a letter or number. The patterns you see help your doctor know
which colors you have trouble with.
·
In another type of test, you arrange colored chips in order
according to how similar the colors are. People with color vision problems
cannot arrange the colored chips correctly.
Because a color vision problem
can have a big impact on a person's life, it is important to detect the problem
as early as possible. In children, color vision problems can affect learning
abilities and reading development. And color vision problems may limit career
choices that require you to tell colors apart. Most experts recommend eye exams
for children between ages 3 and 5. Vision screening is recommended for all
children at least once before entering school, preferably between the ages of 3
and 4.
The colors of every
rainbow always appear in the same order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, and violet. The different colors in each part of the rainbow correspond
to a different wavelength of light. Reddish colors are long in wavelength and
bluish colors are shorter. And just as there are many notes on the piano, there
are many wavelengths of light corresponding to different colors.
How Does the Eye Normally See
Colors?
Think of your eye as a
camera. The front of the eye contains a lens that focuses images on the inside
of the back of the eye. This area, called the retina, is covered with special
nerve cells that react to light.
These retinal nerve cells
include the rods and cones. The rods and cones react to light because they
contain pigments that change when light strikes them.
The cones are responsible
for color vision. There are several kinds of pigments present in three types of
cone cells. Some cones react to short-wavelength light, others react to medium
wavelengths, and others react to higher wavelengths.
There is only one kind of
pigment in the rods, and it reacts the same way to any wavelength of light. The
rods do not have anything to do with color vision; however, they are very
sensitive to light and allow us to see at night.
When the cones have all
the various pigments, the eye sees all possible colors. It is something like
the way a painter can mix just a few colors together and make paint of every
possible color.
What Is Color Blindness?
If there is some problem
with the pigments in the cones, the eye will not see colors in the usual way. This
is called color deficiency or color blindness.
If just one pigment is
missing, the eye might have trouble seeing certain colors. Red-green
colorblindness -- where red and green might look the same -- is the most common
form of colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness.
In some eyes, none of the
pigments are present in the cones, so the eye does not see color at all. This
most severe form is known as achromatopsia.
You can go to an eye specialist and get the
vision checked up.
Normally Colour blindness cannot be corrected.
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What I down loaded
from the Net I am just doing a cut and Paste. It may or may not help.
A Ray of Hope for
Color Blind people (Color Vision Deficiency).
What is Color Blindness? OR What are the types of color Blindness is not the
question here.
Question is what is the remedy for this problem?
Till now there was no hope for this problem or no solutions available.
But in Sanjeevan School for perfect eyesight this problem can be solved. There are many examples of people who
followed this method and they have improved to the extent of normal color vision (Checked by Ishihara chart and Lantern test).
You will come to know the difference in color vision on the first day itself
after following this method. This program is very important for those who are
looking at a career in the below mentioned field.
1) Aviation (Pilots, Airhostess, etc….)
2) Merchant Navy or Shipping.
3) Railway services as drivers.
4) Chemical Industries
5) Web Designing
6) Professional Courses – Medical, Engineering, etc….
Many rejected candidates from aviation and merchant navy have been accepted
back after their color vision became normal on
joining this course.
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NOTE:
There are different types of colour blind, some of which are
acceptable to a few non tech ground duties.
You may request the doctor incharge to recommend you for
those branches
A free Ishihara Colorblindness Test is above. We encourage visitors of this page totake
the test and to come visit us at Dr. Azman’s
office if the results do indicate a deficiency.Contact
us today to learn more about treating your colorblindness.
Please ref to this web site for
details.
http://www.colormax.org/about.htm
